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Oct 28, 2006
Expansion and age, and the Big Bang theory

The most important result of physical cosmology, the sympathetic that the universe is growing, is derived from red shift remarks and quantified by Hubble's Law. Extrapolating this expansion back in time, one approaches a gravitational wonder, a rather abstract mathematical concept, which may or might not correspond to reality. This gives rise to the Big Bang theory, the dominant model in cosmology today. The age of the universe from the time of the Big Bang, according to current information provided by NASA's WMAP “Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe”, is estimated to be about 13.7 billion years, with a margin of error of about 1 %. Other methods of estimating the age of the universe give different ages with a range from 11 billion to 20 billion. Most of the estimates come together in the 13-15 billion year range.
A basic aspect of the Big Bang can be seen today in the observation that the farther away from us galaxies are, the faster they move away from us. It can also be seen in the cosmic microwave background emission which is the much-attenuated radiation that originated soon after the Big Bang. This background radiation is remarkably uniform in all directions, which cosmologists have attempted to enlighten by an early period of inflationary expansion following the Big Bang.
In the 1977 book The First Three Minutes, Nobel Prize conqueror Steven Weinberg laid out the physics of what happened just moments after the Big Bang. As with most things in physics, that surely wasn't the end of the story, as attested by the update and reissue of The First Three Minutes in 1993.

Posted at 02:45 am by jessicamild
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Jun 19, 2006
Halloween Mask

The Halloween Mask  is a horror children's novel by R. L. Stine. It was one of more popular of the highly successful Goosebumps book series, and so was made into a one-hour TV movie, broadcast later as two episode on the Goosebumps television series. This story deals with a timid girl who buys a Halloween mask that just wouldn't come off.


Carly Beth, 11 years old, is described as a quiet, shy and overly trusting girl. She's easily scared, and repeatedly frightened by two boys at school. For Halloween, she searches through the local costume shop, and chooses a life-like, creepy latex mask out of a group of weird and disturbing masks. The book has a moral in it about wanting to be someone else, instead of being yourself.A sequel to the book, "The Haunted Mask II" dealt with the other masks besides the one Carly Beth owned and boy named Steve who wanted a scary mask like the one Carly Beth owned.

 


Posted at 10:44 pm by jessicamild
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Graphic Design

Graphic Design  is a form of visual communication. It is a process in which visual information is given form and structure. This is often done through the arrangement of typography and images and take any form from photography to 3D design. Graphic design can incorporate the use of illustration, iconography, and branding, but is not limited to these devices.The principles of graphic design, in classic design theory, are traditionally related mainly to functionalism and formalism. But with recent developments in digital media and theories of information design, graphic designers have been more in tune with the problems of information and structure.

The paintings in the caves of Lascaux around 14,000 BC and the birth of written language in the third or fourth millennium BC are both significant milestones in the history of graphic design and other fields which hold roots to graphic design.The Book of Kells is a very beautiful and very early example of graphic design in a form that would be acceptable even today. The Book is a lavishly illustrated hand-written copy of the Christian Bible created by Celtic monks in the ninth century AD.

 


Posted at 10:41 pm by jessicamild
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Apr 27, 2006
Collet chuck

 

Machine tool accessories is a need for users to be able to quickly and easily install or remove particular cutting bits or other accessories from the powered rotating spindle of the machine tool. Lathe headstock has a rotating spindle to which one may want to mount a spur drive. The machine tool can present a threaded spindle, to which accessories are screwed. The machine tool may have a permanent chuck. The different types are collet chuck, jaw chuck, lathe chuck, Sjogren speed chucks, and 5c collet chuck.

 

A simple, low cost, and versatile option is to hollow out a truncated conical void in the rotating spindle, coaxial with the axis of rotation. Tools or accessories can then have a mating male conical shaped shank, which precisely fits into the void. The pressure of the spindle against the workpiece serves to drive the tapered shank tightly into the tapered receptable. The friction across the entire surface area of the interface provides a surprisingly large amount of torque transmission; so that splines or keys are not required. This system is known as a machine taper.


Posted at 11:36 pm by jessicamild
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Apr 12, 2006
Bilberry

Bilberry is a name given to several species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae) that bear tasty fruits. The species most often referred to is Vaccinium myrtillus L., also known as blaeberry, whortleberry, whinberry, myrtle blueberry, fraughan, and probably other names regionally.
 
Bilberry fruitThe word bilberry is also sometimes used in the common names of other species of the genus, including Vaccinium uliginosum L. (bog bilberry, bog blueberry, bog whortleberry, bog huckleberry, northern bilberry), Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. (dwarf bilberry), Vaccinium deliciosum Piper (Cascade bilberry), Vaccinium membranaceum (mountain bilberry, black mountain huckleberry, black huckleberry, twin-leaved huckleberry), and Vaccinium ovalifolium (oval-leafed blueberry, oval-leaved bilberry, mountain blueberry, high-bush blueberry).

Bilberries are found in damp, acidic soils throughout the temperate and subarctic regions of world. They are closely related to North American wild and cultivated blueberries and huckleberries in the genus Vaccinium. The easiest way to distinguish the bilberry is that it produces single or pairs of berries on the bush instead of clusters like the blueberry. Bilberry is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera which feed on Vaccinium.

Bilberries are rarely cultivated but fruits are sometimes collected from wild plants growing on public lands, notably in Scandinavia, Ireland and Poland. In Ireland the fruit is known as fraughan in English, from the Irish fraochán, and is traditionally gathered on the last Sunday in July, known as Fraughan Sunday.

The fruits can be eaten fresh, but are more usually made into jams, fools, juices or pies. In France they are used as a base for liqueurs and are a popular flavouring for sorbets and other desserts. In Brittany they are often used as a flavouring for crêpes, and in the Vosges and the Massif Central bilberry tart (tarte aux myrtilles) is the most traditional dessert.

Medicinal Uses
Bilberry is often said to improve night vision, and the story is told of RAF pilots in World War II using bilberry for that purpose. A recent study [1] by the U.S. Navy found no effect, however, and the origins of the RAF story are unclear; it does not appear to be well known in the RAF itself.[2]. Studies ([3], [4]) have shown that bilberry can reduce or reverse effects of degenerative eye disorders such as macular degeneration. The overall therapeutic use of bilberry is still clinically unproven.

It may have other beneficial effects on capillaries due to the strong antioxidant properties of its anthocyanidin flavonoids.

The leaves have historically been used to treat gastrointestinal ailments, applied topically or made into teas. The effects claimed have not been reproduced in the laboratory, however.


Posted at 06:13 pm by jessicamild
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Bearberries

Bearberries are three species of dwarf shrubs in the genus Arctostaphylos. Unlike the other species of Arctostaphylos (see Manzanita), they are adapted to arctic and sub-arctic climates, and have a circumpolar distribution in northern North America, Asia and Europe, one with a small highly disjunct population in Central America. The name bearberry derives from the edible fruit, said to be greatly enjoyed by bears. The fruit, also called bearberries, are edible and sometimes gathered for food. The leaves of the plant are used in herbal medicine.

Alpine Bearberry - A. alpina (L.) Spreng (syn. Arctous alpinus (L.) Niedenzu). A procumbent shrub 10-30 cm high. Leaves not winter green, but dead leaves persist on stems for several years. Berries dark purple to black. Distribution: circumpolar, at high latitudes, from Scotland east across Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland; southern limits in Europe in the Pyrenees and the Alps, in Asia to the Altai mountains, and in North America to British Columbia in the west, and Maine and New Hampshire in the United States in the east.
Red Bearberry - A. rubra (Rehd. & Wilson) Fernald (syn. Arctous rubra (Rehder and E.H. Wilson) Nakai; Arctous alpinus var. ruber Rehd. and Wilson). A procumbent shrub 10-30 cm high. Leaves deciduous, falling in autumn to leave bare stems. Berries red. Distribution: in the mountains of Sichuan, southwestern China north and east to eastern Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada east to northern Quebec.
Common Bearberry - A. uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. A procumbent shrub 10-30 cm high. Leaves evergreen, remaining green for 1-3 years before falling. Berries red. Distribution: circumpolar, widespread in northern latitudes, confined to high altitudes further south. In Europe, from Iceland and North Cape, Norway south to southern Spain (Sierra Nevada), central Italy (Apennines) and northern Greece (Pindus mountains); in Asia from arctic Siberia south to Turkey, the Caucasus and the Himalaya; in North America from arctic Alaska, Canada and Greenland south to California, north coast, central High Sierra Nevada (above Convict Lake, Mono County, California), Central Coast, California, San Francisco Bay Area, to New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains; and the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast United States.
Common Bearberry - A. uva-ursi subsp. uva-ursi. Circumpolar.
A. uva-ursi subsp. adenotricha. central High Sierra Nevada.
A. uva-ursi subsp. coactilis. north coast California, central coast California, San Francisco Bay Area.
Guatemala Bearberry - A. uva-ursi subsp. cratericola (J. D. Smith) P. V. Wells. Endemic to Guatemala at very high altitudes (3000-4000 m).
Other recorded old English common names include Arberry, Bear's Grape, Crowberry, Foxberry, Hog Cranberry, Kinnikinnick, Mealberry, Mountain Box, Mountain Cranberry, Mountain Tobacco, Red Bearberry, Sandberry, Upland Cranberry, Uva-ursi.

Medicinal Uses
 
Arctostaphylos alpinaThe plant contains arbutin, methylarbutin, a bitter principle, ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oil and resin, hydroquinones (mainly arbutin, up to 17%), tannins (up to 15%), phenolic glycosides, and flavonoids.

The leaves are picked any time during the summer and dried for use in infusions, liquid extracts, medicinal tea bags and tablets. The plant has the following claimed properties: anti-lithic, aromatic, astringent, disinfectant, diuretic, lithontripic, sedative (renal), stimulant (mild), tonic, urinary antiseptic. It has been used to treat arthritis, back pain (lower), bed wetting, bile problems, bladder infections, bloating, bright's disease, bronchitis, cararrh of the bladder, cystitis, diabetes (by removing excessive sugar from the blood), diarrhea, fevers, fluid retention, gallstones, gonorrhea, headache (smoked), haemorrhoids, indigestion, kidney stones, kidney infections, liver problems, lung congestion, excessive menstration, nephritis, obesity, pancreatis, prostate gland weakness, rheumatism, chronic urethritis, vaginal discharge, vaginal diseases, and water retention.
 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursiIt is claimed to strengthen the heart muscle and urinary tract, return the womb to its normal size after childbirth, and prevents uteral infection. It is also claimed to be a powerful tonic for the sphincter muscle of the bladder so it helps with bladder control problems. It has a strong antibiotic action against Staphylococci and E. coli. The leaves have strong astringent properties.

Bearberry is relatively safe, though large doses may cause nausea, green urine, bluish-grey skin, vomiting, fever, chills, severe back pain, ringing in the ears (some people can withstand up to 20g and others show signs of poisoning after just 1g); take no more than 7-10 days at a time.

It should not be used by people who are pregnant, breast feeding, nor in the treatment of children (under 12) and patients with kidney disease. Drug interactions have been recorded with diuretics, as well as drugs that make the urine acidic (such as ascorbic acid and Urex).


Posted at 06:06 pm by jessicamild
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loganberry

The loganberry is generally thought to be derived from a cross between the Red Antwerp raspberry and the American blackberry Aughinburgh. It was accidentally created in 1880 or 1881 in Santa Cruz, California by the American lawyer and horticulturist James Harvey Logan (1841-1928). In the 1880s, berry growers began to cross varieties to obtain better commercial varieties. Logan was unsatisfied with the existing varieties of blackberries and tried to cross two varieties of blackberries to produce a superior cultivar.

While attempting to cross two varieties of blackberries, Logan accidentally planted them next to an old variety of red raspberry, all of which fruited and flowered together. The varieties involved in the Loganberry hybrid were probably Texas Early or Aughinburgh blackberry and Red Antwerp red raspberry which were two of the three Rubus varieties planted in Logan's yard that year. Logan gathered and planted the seed. The 50 seedlings produced plants similar to the blackberry parent Aughinbaugh, but were larger and more vigorous. One was the Loganberry; the remaining 49 were the Mammoth Blackberry (the longest fruit of any variety ever grown) 1. Since Logan's time, crosses between the cultivars of raspberry and blackberry have confirmed the Loganberry's parentage. Logan's original was introduced to Europe in 1897, while the 'American Thornless', a prickle-free mutation, was developed in 1933.

A similar hybrid is the Nessberry which is a cross between the dewberry and the red raspberry.

The Phenomenal Berry or Burbank's Logan is a 2nd generation cross (i.e. two first generation crosses were crossed to each other) between blackberry and raspberry made by Luther Burbank in 1905.

The Loganberry proved to be productive and well adapted to local conditions, but its flavor was not popular with customers. Its main use was as a parent for further hybrids. It has been used as a parent in more recent crosses between Rubus species, such as Tayberry (loganberry x raspberry), Boysenberry (loganberry x dewberry), Youngberry (Phenomenal berry x Austin Mayes dewberry) and Olallieberry (Black Logan x Youngberry).

A less widely accepted theory suggests that the Loganberry originated as a red-fruiting form of the common Californian blackberry, Rubus ursinus vitifolius.

History
Excerpt from Santa Cruz County; a faithful reproduction in print and photography of its climate, capabilities, and beauties (1896).

The Loganberry, being a variety unfamiliar to people in any other place, I will devote more space to its account than to others. From a circular giving its history I extract these notes:

The Loganberry originated with Judge J. H. Logan, of Santa Cruz, Cal., from whom it derives its name. Several years ago, growing in his garden, were plants of the Aughinbaugh blackberry and Red Antwerp raspberry. The plants, being near each other, had intermixed or grown together. The judge, having noticed that they bloomed and ripened their fruit together, conceived the idea of planting the seeds, from which planting resulted the production of the Loganberry.

He is entitled to all credit for the origination of this noble fruit, which will be a perpetual monument, placing his name beside those of Longworth, Hovey, Wilson and other originators of new varieties of fruit. He has even done more than they. He has produced a fruit or berry entirely unlike any in previous existence, a hybrid or mixture of two fruits, partaking of the characteristics of both of its parents. The Aughinbaugh blackberry, from the seed of which the Logan is supposed to have originated, has pistillate or imperfect flowers, which must have been fertilized by the polen of the raspberry, producing this most singular and valuable fruit.

The vines or canes of the Loganberry grow entirely unlike either the blackberry or raspberry. They trail or grow upon the ground more like the dewberry. They are exceedingly strong growers, each shoot or branch reaching a growth of eight to ten feet in one season without irrigation, the aggregate growth of all the shoots on one plant amounting to from forty to fifty feet.

The canes or vines are very large-- without the thorns of the blackberry bushes--but have very fine soft spines, much like those of raspberry bushes. The leaves are of a deep green color, coarse and thick, and also like those of the raspberry. The fruit is as large as the largest size blackberry, is of the same shape, with globules similar to that fruit, and the color, when fully ripe, is a 'dark bright red.' It has the combined flavor of both berries, pleasant, mild, vinous, delightful to the taste and peculiar to this fruit alone.

It is excellent for the table, eaten raw or cooked, and for jelly or jam is without an equal. The seeds are very small, soft and not abundant, being greatly different from both its parents in this respect. The vines are enormous bearers, and the fruit is very firm and carries well.

The fruit begins to ripen very early-- the bulk being ripe and gone before either blackberries or raspberries become plentiful. In filling in a place just ahead of these fruits the market value of the Loganberry is greatly enhanced. In ordinary seasons the fruit begins to ripen from the middle to the last of May. When extensively planted and generally known, this berry is destined to take front rank owing to its earliness, large size, beautiful appearance, superior quality, and delightful flavor, together with its firmness and good carrying or shipping quality.


Posted at 11:32 am by jessicamild
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Mar 21, 2006
kelowna web hosting services

we put forward the global clients by using our kelowna web hosting services.A web hosting service is a type of Internet hosting service that provides individuals, organizations and users with online systems for storing information, images, video, or any content accessible via the Web.

 

 Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivityto the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center.

 

Web hosting is often provided as part of a general Internet access plan; there are many free and paid providers offering these services. A customer needs to evaluate the requirements of the application to choose what kind of hosting to use. Such considerations include database server software, scripting software, and operating system.

 

Most hosting providers provide Linux-based web hosting which offers a wide range of different software. A typical configuration for a Linux server is the LAMP platform: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP/Perl/Python

 

Web hosting packages often include a Web Content Management System, so the end-user

doesn't have to worry about the more technical aspects.


Posted at 06:32 pm by jessicamild
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Feb 28, 2006
Computer sound cards

Gigasonic has a range of digital musical solutions which suit everyone’s needs. There is the provision of shopping by categories and you get the desired computer sound cards as you browse through. The computer music category includes interface packages which consist of MIDI interfaces, Audio interfaces, music software and special bundles. To record audio in to your computer, gigasonic has a wide range of audio interfaces. This includes USB and PCI audio interfaces which has premium sound quality and economically viable. These interfaces come with brand names like M-Audio, Alesis, Line 6 and Edirol. These audio interfaces have balanced main outputs, input channels headphone outputs and balanced line inputs.


Posted at 09:11 pm by jessicamild
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Nov 28, 2005
Spanish holiday resort

Spanish holiday resort is one of the most comfortable holiday spot and offers ingeniously designed modern property with high standard throughout. Our Spanish holiday resort is one of the peaceful resorts found in the coast of Spain. These cleverly planned modern hotels are of a high standard throughout, with every thought of superiority, console and handiness. A  Part of the same attractive group of villas called the Mila and the larger is Gina and is like in style with three twin bedrooms. These resorts are the most outstanding places for your holidays and your children to enjoy.

 

 

The Spanish Holidays Guide is one of the most revealing sites for Spanish vacations and holidays. We can do all sort of reservations with the help of this guide. On this guide you can create your perfect Spanish holidays from locating flights, holiday, accommodation, car hire and even attractions. Use our search services to locate your every holiday need. Our whole guide will enable you to tailor your holiday in Spain or to select a set made Package.

 

 

Our Villas have good gardens in a wide-space with oranges, lemons, olives, figs etc. There is a large and superb showy garden .There is a large patio area with flame around the swimming pool. There is a lovely ornamental garden pond and Gazebo for calming in the shade. The property is recently built and provides everything you need, TV, free to air sat channels, microwave, washing machine, fridge, iron, etc. Pool and facilities used by the villas and apartment are so very private and calm. 

 

When you have decided the part of Spain, you wish to visit you can check if there are holiday rentals in this area at the moment. You can then click on the link and you will be guided to the holiday rental homes in Spain. On Spain-holiday.com you can find your rooms such as villas - apartments - studios. We bid vacation rentals to all types of travel - whether you are in the mood for a golf holiday or just feel like comforting on the Spanish coasts.


Property provides exciting opportunities, whether for a fabulous holiday home, monthly rental income, an appreciating investment or perhaps even that dream retirement villa in the sun.

Villas are ideal for family holidays, there are all the usual holiday attractions nearby, most .Spanish HolidayVillas are fully furnished, with fitted kitchens even a washing machine. Cots, high chairs, buggies, safety gates and fold away beds can be hired. Car hire or taxi can be arranged from the airport. Some even have welcome packs that can be arranged if you are arriving late.

 


Posted at 06:27 am by jessicamild
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